A Response to Hudson’s Second World’s Use of Keynes Bancor/ICT
The contrast is therefore not between a moral order and an immoral one. It is between two architectures that both claim to answer the scarcity Hudson describes. The SACT-AI reading of Keynes offers automatic, multilateral penalties and a unit no single capital controls. The White path, now running through regulated stablecoins and licensed by MMT’s account of currency issuance, hardens dollar usability at the edge and turns foreign demand for that usability into demand for Treasuries.
SACT-AI’s Reinforcement Learning for Realization of Keynes’s Bancor/ICU Proposal at Bretton Woods
Q-learning is the primary policy-optimization engine for a SACT-AI Bancor/ICU because the problem is best framed as learning the value of discrete, rule-based adjustment actions in a high-stakes, partially observable environment with abundant historical data. PPO offers superior stability and is better suited for continuous control sub-problems, but its on-policy nature and lower sample efficiency make it secondary. In Global Spreadsheet Capitalism, the combination of Q-learning’s value-driven symmetry with PPO’s fine-tuning capability creates the most robust, auditable, and adaptive engine for realizing Keynes’s vision of a computable, multipolar monetary order.
Stablecoins, SACT-AI, and the Future of Global Liquidity for Sustainable Development
Citation APA (7th Edition) Pennings, A.J. (2026, Apr 28) Stablecoins, SACT-AI, and the Future of Global Liquidity for Sustainable Development. apennings.com https://apennings.com/political-economy-of-media/stablecoins-sact-ai-and-the-future-of-global-liquidity-for-sustainable-development/ Introduction The impending implementation of Treasury-backed stablecoins suggests a the onset of a profound shift in the architecture of global finance. What appears, at first glance, to be a technical innovation in digital […]
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Professor (full) at State University of New York (SUNY) Korea since 2016. Research Professor for Stony Brook University. Moved to Austin, Texas in August 2012 to join the Digital Media Management program at St. Edwards University. Spent the previous decade on the faculty at New York University teaching and researching information systems, digital economics, and global political economy
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