Anthony J. Pennings, PhD

WRITINGS ON AI POLICY, DIGITAL ECONOMICS, ENERGY STRATEGIES, AND GLOBAL E-COMMERCE

Seven Phases of Global US Dollar Transformation: Past and Future

The history of the US Dollar is not a story of static dominance, but of ruthless technological adaptation. The US successfully maintained its hegemony of liquidity by shifting the substrate of its currency from Gold to Information and to Code (Stablecoins/AI).

USD Centrality and Network Effects in the Global Economy

When we say the USD/eurodollar is a cell at the center of the global spreadsheet, we mean every balance sheet in the world, whether in New York, London, Shanghai, or São Paulo, has at least one column denominated in USD. A loan in yen, a bond in euros, or a derivative in pesos ultimately references the USD cell through conversions, swaps, or collateral rules.

  • Referencing this Material

    Copyrights apply to all materials on this blog but fair use conditions allow limited use of ideas and quotations. Please cite the permalinks of the articles/posts.
    Citing a post in APA style would look like:
    Pennings, A. (2015, April 17). Diffusion and the Five Characteristics of Innovation Adoption. Retrieved from https://apennings.com/characteristics-of-digital-media/diffusion-and-the-five-characteristics-of-innovation-adoption/
    MLA style citation would look like: "Diffusion and the Five Characteristics of Innovation Adoption." Anthony J. Pennings, PhD. Web. 18 June 2015. The date would be the day you accessed the information. View the Writing Criteria link at the top of this page to link to an online APA reference manual.

  • About Me

    Professor (full) at State University of New York (SUNY) Korea since 2016. Research Professor for Stony Brook University. Moved to Austin, Texas in August 2012 to join the Digital Media Management program at St. Edwards University. Spent the previous decade on the faculty at New York University teaching and researching information systems, digital economics, and global political economy

    You can reach me at:

    anthony.pennings@gmail.com
    apennings70@gmail.com
    anthony.pennings@sunykorea.ac.kr

    Follow apennings on X

  • About me

  • Writings by Category

  • Flag Counter
  • Pages

  • Calendar

    December 2025
    M T W T F S S
    1234567
    891011121314
    15161718192021
    22232425262728
    293031  
  • Disclaimer

    The opinions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of my employers, past or present. Articles are not meant as financial advice.

  • Verified by MonsterInsights