Factors Supporting Early Computerization and Data Communications
Several factors contributed to the development of computers and data networking in the early post-World War II era. This post looks at major influences that created the modern realm of computerization and networking of data and information that has transformed the world. During the war, the first computers were created to calculate tables for artillery […]
SAGE, SABRE and the Airline Industry
Military funding lead to the invention of the modem and other data communications technologies for a North American defense system. This grid of radar and other sensors connected to central computers with over a million miles of telephone line. Its headquarters would later be located deep within the Colorado Cheyenne Mountains and be the model […]
How IT Came to Rule the World, 1.4: SAGE and Early Electronic Computing
The SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) system conceived at MIT and built at IBM’s Poughkeepsie, New York facilities helped transform the computer from a bulky, slow, vacuum-tube switched numerical processor into a generalized, software-driven, transistor-enabled, media-enhanced computer with an accompanying communications system able to send digital data over telephone lines.
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Recent Posts
- Satellites for Global E-Finance and News
- Determining Competitive Advantages for Tech Firms, Part 1
- Visual Rhetoric Analysis of Social Media: YouTube Channels and Memes
- Digital Disruption in the Film Industry – Part 4: Generative AI for Video Synthesis
- Moving Economic and Financial Curves
- Markets and Prices: Pros, Cons
- AI and Government: Concerns Shaped from Classic Public Administration Writings
- AI Governance and the Public Management of Transportation
- Lotus 1-2-3, Temporal Finance, and the Rise of Spreadsheet Capitalism
- Steve Jobs Pioneering Work in Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) and Human-Machine Knowledge (HMK)
- Connecting a Dangerous World: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and National Concerns
- The Framing Power of Digital Spreadsheets
- Google: Monetizing the Automatrix – Rerun
- The Lasting Impact of ALOHAnet and Norman Abramson
- Legal Precedents and Perturbations Shaping US Broadband Policy
- All Watched over by “Systems” of Loving Grace
- US Legislative and Regulatory Restrictions on Deficit Spending – Reflecting on Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)
- Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and a Sustainable Future
- ICT4D and the Global Network Transformation
- Digital Borders and Authoritarianism
- AI and Remote Sensing for Monitoring Landslides and Flooding
- AI and the Rise of Networked Robotics
- Ode to James Larson, SUNY Korea’s First Professor Emeritus
- Analyzing the Market Structure of a Product
- Determining Competitive Advantages for Tech Firms, Part 2
- The Division of Labor in Democratic Political Economies
- Digital Disruption in the Film Industry – Gains and Losses – Part 3: Digital FX Emerges
- Four Futures and the S-Curve
- The Future of US Democracy: Getting Excessive Money Out of Elections
- How Do Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Use APIs and Web Scraping to Collect Data?
- Networking Connected Vehicles in the Automatrix
- Net Neutrality and the Use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
- Deep Packet Inspection of Internet Traffic and Net Neutrality
- US Internet Policy, Part 7: Net Neutrality Discussion Returns with New FCC Democratic Majority
- ICTs for SDG 7: Twelve Ways Digital Technologies can Support Energy Access for All
- The Increasing Value of Science, Technology, and Society Studies (STS)
- Pressing Global Standards for Internet Protocols
- Public and Private Goods: Social and Policy Implications
- Remote Sensing Technologies for Disaster Risk Reduction
- It’s the E-Commerce, Stupid
- Deregulating U.S. Data Communications
- “Survivable Communications,” Packet-Switching, and the Internet
- The Digital Spreadsheet: Interface to Space-Time, and Beyond?
- Zeihan’s Global Prognostics and Sustainable Development, Part II: Implications of Tesla’s Master Plan 3
- Technostructural Stages of Global ICT for Development (ICT4D)
- The Expanse: Cyberpunk in Space
- ICT4D and Digital Development in a Changing World
- VisiCalc and the Rise of the PC Spreadsheet
- The Techno-Epistemology of Databases, Part I
- Zeihan’s Global Prognostics and Sustainable Development, Part I
- Weak Domestic Dollar, Strong Global Dollar
- MMT in a Post-Covid-19 Environment
- Al Gore, Atari Democrats, and the “Invention” of the Internet
- U.S. Internet Policy, Part 6: Net Neutrality, Broadband Infrastructure and the Digital Divide
- Analyzing YouTube Channels
- Wireless Charging Infrastructure for EVs: Snack and Sell?
- The Great Monetary Surge Since 2020 and the Return of Inflation
- US Technology Diplomacy
- Symbolic Economies in the Virtual Classroom: Dead Poets and the Lawnmower Man
- Building Dystopian Economies in Facebook’s Metaverse
- Hypertext, Ad Inventory, and the Use of Behavioral Data
- The North-South Politics of Global News Flows
- ARPA and the Formation of the Modern Computer Industry, Part 2: Memex, Personal Computing, and the NSF
- Engineering the Politics of TCP/IP and the Enabling Framework of the Internet
- ARPA and the Formation of the Modern Computer Industry, Part I: Transforming SAGE
- ICT and Sustainable Development: Some Origins
- Diamonds are a World’s Best Friend? Carbon Capture and Cryptocurrency Blockchains
- Modern Monetary “Practice” and the Fear of Inflation in a Low-Supply Economy
- Thomas Edison Builds the Universal Ticker-Tape Machine
- Show-Biz: The Televisual Re-mediation of the Modern Global Economy
- US Internet Policy, Part 5: Trump, Title I, and the End of Net Neutrality
- Digital Spreadsheets as Remediated Technologies
- Internet Policy, Part 4: Obama and the Return of Net Neutrality, Temporarily
- Will Offshore Wind Power Print Money?
- COVID-19 and US Economic Policy Responses
- Five Generations of Wireless Technology
- US Internet Policy, Part 3: The FCC and Consolidation of Broadband
- Korea in a Post Covid-19 World, Part 3: The Green New Deal
- Korea in a Post Covid-19 World, Part 2: Merging Digital and Green New Deals
- The Two Santa Claus Theory of US Economic Growth and the Prospects of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)
- Korea in a Post-Covid-19 World, Part 1: The Korean New Deal
- Starlink and the Return of Satellite Internet Service
- The International Politics of Domain Name Governance, Part Two: ICANN and the Clinton-Gore Administration
- Russia, the Fall of the USSR, and the Era of Pan-Capitalism
- The International Politics of Domain Name Governance, Part One: The Czar
- Digital Disruption in the Film Industry – Gains and Losses – Part 2: Non-Linear Editing
- Oliver Stone’s Platoon: Jesus Christ Superstar vs. the Marlboro Man
- Memes, Propaganda, and Virality
- Digital Disruption in the Film Industry – Gains and Losses – Part 1: The Camera
- “Letteracy” and Logos
- US INTERNET POLICY, PART 2: THE SHIFT TO BROADBAND
- US Internet Policy, Part 1: The Rise of ISPs
- Five Stages of ICT for Global Development
- Digital Spreadsheets – Part 5 – Numeracy and the Power of Zero
- “It’s the Infrastructure, Stupid”
- FROM NEW DEAL TO GREEN NEW DEAL, Part 2: The Failure of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933
- YouTube Meaning-Creating (and Money-Making) Practices
- FROM NEW DEAL TO GREEN NEW DEAL, Part 1: Roosevelt Saves Capitalism
- Factors Supporting Early Computerization and Data Communications
- Four Futures: One Humanity
- The CDA’s Section 230: How Facebook and other ISPs became Exempt from Third Party Content Liabilities
- The Spreadsheet that Fueled the Telecom Boom – and Bust
- HOW THE US MOBILE INDUSTRY CAME TOGETHER, PART III: JUNK BONDS CONSOLIDATE THE NETWORK
- Early Internationalization of the Internet
- The World is Bubbly: Capital, Cities, and Creative People
- How the US Mobile Industry Came Together, Part II: The Grand Alliance
- How the US Mobile Industry Came Together, Part I: Transformation of the Network
- Metrics, Analytics, and Visualization
- Lasswell and Hall – Power and Meaning in Media
- Spreadsheets and the Rhetoric of Ratios
- From Gold to G-20: Flexible Currency Rates and Global Power
- Apple’s GUI and the Creation of the Microsoft’s Excel Spreadsheet Application
- Potential Bill on Net Neutrality and Deep Packet Inspection
- TIME Magazine’s “Machine of the Year”
- Digital Spreadsheets – Techno-Epistemological Power over People and Resources
- The Cyberpunk Genre as Social and Technological Analysis
- Java Continues to be the Most Popular Programming Language
- Anchoring Television News
- GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX
- THE EXPERIMENT, Part I: New Zealand as the World Model For Digital Monetarism
- Characteristics of Economic Goods and their Social Implications
- Ensuring Successful Democratic Political Economies
- Times Square’s Luminescent News Tickers and Public Spaces
- Auctioning Radio Spectrum for Mobile Services and Public Safety
- The Landsat Legacy
- Russian Interference, Viral Sharing, and Friends Lying to Friends on Social Media in the 2016 Elections
- Assessing Digital Payment Systems
- Digital Content Flow and Life Cycle: The Value Chain
- Not Like 1984: GUI and the Apple Mac
- A First Pre-VisiCalc Attempt at Electronic Spreadsheets
- CISCO SYSTEMS: FROM CAMPUS TO THE WORLD’S MOST VALUABLE COMPANY, PART THREE: PUSHING TCP/IP
- Lotus 1-2-3 – A Star is Born
- That Remote Look: History of Sensing Satellites
- How “STAR WARS” and the Japanese Artificial Intelligence (AI) Threat Led to the Internet, Part IV: Al Gore and the Internet
- Space Shuttles, Satellites, and Competition in Launch Vehicles
- GOES-16 Satellite and its Orbital Gaze
- How Schindler Used the List
- Digital Spreadsheets – The Time-Space Power of Accounting, Part 1
- Broadband Policy and the Fall of the US Internet Service Providers
- “Run to Goshen Regardless of Opposing Train”
- CISCO SYSTEMS: FROM CAMPUS TO THE WORLD’S MOST VALUABLE COMPANY, PART TWO: Starting Up the Tech
- Vacation
- Xbox One – Extending Virtual Reality and Multi-Player Games
- CONTENDING “INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAYS”
- Digital Games and Meaningful Play
- Xanadu to World Wide Web
- Cisco Systems: From Campus to the World’s Most Valuable Company, Part One: Stanford University
- The NSFNET is the Internet
- We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us
- Digital Spreadsheets – Part 5 – Ease and Epistemology
- Black Friday and Thomas Edison’s Stock Ticker
- Subsidizing Silicon: NASA and the Computer
- The MAD Origins of the Computer Age
- Emerging Areas of Digital Media Expertise, Part 4: Business Acumen
- Emerging Areas of Digital Media Expertise, Part 3: Global Knowledge and Geopolitical Risk
- Digital Content Flow and Life Cycle: Global E-Commerce
- When Finance Went Digital
- Origins of Currency Futures and other Digital Derivatives
- Statecraft and the First E-Commerce Administration
- America’s Financial Futures History
- Computer Technology and Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
- YouTube: Alice’s Rabbithole or Hypertext to Hell?
- Those Media Products are Misbehaving Economic Goods
- TPP and the Role of Intellectual Property in the US Export Economy
- Microsoft and the IBM PC Case Study: The Deal of the Century
- Mind Mapping in Higher Education
- Markets: Pros and Cons
- The Telecom Crash of 2002
- Hootsuite and the Social Media Curriculum
- Fed Watcher’s Handbook is on Amazon
- Emerging Areas of Digital Media Expertise, Part 2, Data Analytics and Visualization
- The FCC Helps Business Go “Online”
- SAGE, SABRE and the Airline Industry
- Copyright Protection and Fair Use for Creative Industries and Education
- YouTube’s Tenth Year Anniversary
- Emerging Areas of Digital Media Expertise, Part 1
- Lotus Spreadsheets – Part 4 – Symbols and Lists as Administrative Technologies
- Railroads and Western Union Connect a Continent
- Gold, Greenbacks and Invention of Electric Indicators for Financial News
- Telegraphic Communications and the Emergence of Wall Street
- Thirty-Five Activities Media Degrees Should Anticipate in Digital Work Environments
- Expressive Values and the Creative Products of the Korean Wave
- Steven Levy’s “A Spreadsheet Way of Knowledge”
- Lotus Spreadsheets – Part 3 – Identifying the Components of a Transformative Tool
- IBM’s Watson AI Targets Healthcare
- Lotus Spreadsheets – The Killer App of the Reagan Revolution – Part 2 – Spreadsheet Capitalism Emerges
- The Transformation of Telecom to Global IP, GATT to GATS
- The Transformation of Telecom to Global IP – GII to WTO
- Robin Williams, Dead Poets, and Symbolic Investments in the Virtual Classroom
- Lotus Spreadsheets – The Killer App of the Reagan Revolution – Part 1
- Management and the Abstraction of Workplace Knowledge into Big Data
- Discerning Media Economics
- Reviewing Castells’ Global Automaton
- New York City’s Emphasis on Global Media Management
- Drone Journalism and Remote Sensing
- Technologies of Democracy
- Revisiting Huxley and Orwell on Technology and Democracy
- Google You Can Fly My Car
- The Surveilling Eye of Global Financial News
- E-Commerce with Chinese Characteristics
- Determining Competitive Advantages for Digital Firms, Part 2
- Determining Competitive Advantages for Digital Media Firms, Part 1
- Origins of the “Information Economy”
- How the Web Secures Your Data
- Bitcoins and the Properties of Money
- Digital Media Archetypes
- The Fedwire Network and Open Market Operations of the Federal Reserve
- Why Digital Media Firms Need to be Fed Watchers
- Licensing Creative Properties – Merchandise and Characters
- JFK’s Contribution to Global Communications
- Controversies in Intellectual Property – The Business Method Patent
- Max Headroom’s Futuristic News Gathering
- What is Entertainment?
- How to Use Facebook with an Online Course
- The Network is the Computer – UNIX and the SUN (Stanford University Network) Workstation
- Google Fiber in Austin
- Three Levels of Digital Media Metrics
- New Developments in GPS and Geo-Location for Mobile Technology
- Banner Years – The Resurgence of Online Display Ads
- Working Big Data – Hadoop and the Transformation of Data Processing
- Apollo 13: The Write Stuff
- Virality and the Diffusion of Music Videos
- E-Commerce’s Billion Dollar Mondays Still Mark Holiday Shopping Season
- The Qualtrics Conundrum
- Lincoln and the Telegraphic Civil War
- Markets Fail
- Google, You Can Drive My Car
- Barry Obama and the Hawaii’s Multi-Ethnic Economic Transformation
- Diffusion and the Five Characteristics of Innovation Adoption
- TOP SOCIAL MEDIA AND FORUM SITES IN THE US
- WSJ in the Ether about Inventing the Internet
- Arthur C. Clarke’s Three Laws of Innovation
- The Meaning Makers: Omnicom Group
- Four Generations of Wireless Tech
- Geopolitical Risk and the Information Standard
- Music’s Year of the Cloud
- Healthcare IT and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
- The New Frontier of “Big Data”
- Visiting the Future of the Panama Canal
- Popular Programming Languages
- The Price of Neglect
- The Walt Disney of Japan
- Electric Money Never Sleeps
- Online Media Business Models: The Intercontinental Interview
- Smith Effect III: Adam Smith, the Census Machine, and the Beginnings of IBM
- All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace – The Poem
- All Watched Over by Heroes of Loving Grace
- Setting Up Your IT/Media Enterprise as an LLC
- G-8 Declares Support for Internet’s Role in Democratic Movements
- LinkedIn Social Media IPO Raises Questions of a Global Internet Bubble
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Referencing this Material
Copyrights apply to all materials on this blog but fair use conditions allow limited use of ideas and quotations. Please cite the permalinks of the articles/posts.
Citing a post in APA style would look like:
Pennings, A. (2015, April 17). Diffusion and the Five Characteristics of Innovation Adoption. Retrieved from https://apennings.com/characteristics-of-digital-media/diffusion-and-the-five-characteristics-of-innovation-adoption/
MLA style citation would look like: "Diffusion and the Five Characteristics of Innovation Adoption." Anthony J. Pennings, PhD. Web. 18 June 2015.
About Me
Professor at State University of New York (SUNY) Korea since 2016. Moved to Austin, Texas in August 2012 to join the Digital Media Management program at St. Edwards University. Spent the previous decade on the faculty at New York University teaching and researching information systems, digital economics, and strategic communications.
You can reach me at:
apennings70@gmail.com
anthony.pennings@sunykorea.ac.kr
About me
Writings by Category
- artificial intelligence
- automatrix
- books and films
- characteristics of digital media
- creative cities
- creative industries
- crisis communications
- cultural Industries
- data analytics and meaning
- democratic political economies
- digital coordination
- digital destruction
- digital geography
- digital media economics
- digital media management
- digital monetarism
- digital spreadsheets
- disruption
- dystopian economies
- educational innovations
- electric money
- enabling frameworks
- enterprise systems
- financial news
- financial technology
- food policy and security
- futurists
- geopolitical risk
- global communications
- global e-commerce
- health IT
- how IT came to rule the world
- intellectual property
- journalism
- meaning makers
- meaningful play
- media strategies
- mobile technologies
- multimedia
- political economies in sf
- political economy of media
- science and technology studies
- sensing technologies
- smart new deal
- social media
- space systems
- strategic communications
- sustainable development
- technologies of meaning
- technology management
- telecom policy and net neutrality
- telegraphic political economy
- telelearn/telework
- the cold war
- the smith effect
- uncategorized
- visual literacy and rhetoric
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Disclaimer
The opinions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of my employers, past or present.
