Bretton Woods, Computation, and the Road Not Taken: Reimagining Keynes’s ICU in the Age of AI
Citation APA (7th Edition) Pennings, A.J. (2026, Apr 17) Bretton Woods, Computation, and the Road Not Taken: Reimagining Keynes’s Bancor/ICU in the Age of AI. apennings.com https://apennings.com/artificial-intelligence/bretton-woods-computation-and-the-road-not-taken-reimagining-keyness-icu-in-the-age-of-ai/ Introduction The historical view of the Bretton Woods Conference often focuses on the political clash between American power (represented by Harry Dexter White) and British intellectual capital (represented […]
USD Shortages and Global Solutions with Bancor/ICU and (SACT)AI
A USD shortage is not a lack of physical dollars. It is a shortage of dollar-denominated balance sheet capacity in the global financial system. Global trade is primarily invoiced in USD, debt is denominated in USD, and the most efficient collateral is USD Treasuries. The numbers reveal something profound. The world does not lack liquidity, it lacks a mechanism to allocate it globally. There is enough collateral, production, and demand. But not enough coordinated balance sheet capacity.
An Inconvenient Document: The Atlantic Charter and the Origins of the UN
The Atlantic Charter was inconvenient because it set a standard the Great Powers found difficult to meet, yet it also gave the colonized world the tools to dismantle the global empires. Here is the argument for why this document was a diplomatic landmine for the very people who signed it.
Spreadsheets and the Modern Fact made Operational
Spreadsheets are the modern fact made operational. They inherit the rhetorical power of double-entry bookkeeping, extend it through computation, and enforce it through synchronization. To understand spreadsheet capitalism, is not to reject numbers, but to remember that their authority was built, not given.
The Ghost in the Grid: Interpretants and Calculable Traces in Spreadsheet Capitalism
The spreadsheet, as a computational medium, transforms heterogeneous material realities into standardized symbolic inscriptions. To understand this transformation, semiotic theory offers two powerful but distinct conceptual tools: Charles Sanders Peirce’s notion of the interpretant and Jacques Derrida’s concept of the trace. While Peirce emphasizes the generative continuity of meaning through interpretive mediation, Derrida foregrounds the structural absence and deferral that inhabit all signification. Taken together, these frameworks illuminate how the numbers and letters populating financial spreadsheets function as representations of the messy, contingent world.
The Global “Balance Sheet” in Spreadsheet Capitalism
Spreadsheet capitalism builds a global balance sheet by transforming the world into a synchronized, computable set of claims. Through substitution, abstraction, symbolic computing, and telecommunications grids, it creates a system in which liquidity governs outcomes and balance sheets define possibility.
Protected: Spreadsheet Organization Precedes Production
There is no excerpt because this is a protected post.
Reviewing the New Deal’s Global Political Economy Framework and Its Current Challenges
This blog post argues for reclaiming January 6th as the anniversary of FDR’s “Four Freedoms” speech (1941) rather than the date of the Capitol attack. The post traces the arc from FDR’s “Global New Deal” to the modern digital financial order.
keep looking »Categories
Referencing this Material
About Me
Professor (full) at State University of New York (SUNY) Korea since 2016. Research Professor for Stony Brook University. Moved to Austin, Texas in August 2012 to join the Digital Media Management program at St. Edwards University. Spent the previous decade on the faculty at New York University teaching and researching information systems, digital economics, and global political economy
You can reach me at:
anthony.pennings@gmail.com
apennings70@gmail.com
anthony.pennings@sunykorea.ac.kr
About me
Writings by Category
- artificial intelligence
- automatrix
- blockchain
- books and films
- characteristics of digital media
- creative cities
- creative industries
- crisis communications
- cryptocurrencies
- cultural Industries
- data analytics and meaning
- democratic political economies
- digital coordination
- digital destruction
- digital geography
- digital media economics
- digital media management
- digital monetarism
- digital spreadsheets
- disaster risk management
- disruption
- dystopian economies
- educational innovations
- electric money
- enabling frameworks
- enterprise systems
- financial news
- financial technology
- food policy and security
- futurists
- geopolitical risk
- global communications
- global e-commerce
- health IT
- how IT came to rule the world
- intellectual property
- journalism
- meaning makers
- meaningful play
- media strategies
- mobile technologies
- multimedia
- political economies in sf
- political economy of media
- public administration
- science and technology studies
- sensing technologies
- smart new deal
- social media
- space systems
- spreadsheet logic
- strategic communications
- sustainable development
- technologies of meaning
- technology management
- telecom policy and net neutrality
- telegraphic political economy
- telelearn/telework
- the cold war
- the smith effect
- uncategorized
- visual literacy and rhetoric
